Kunyangwe nylon ine manhamba akanaka uye nemakaniki emakirini, zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya mumakemikari emakemikari, uye zvakare ane chimwe chinhu chekunyungudika madonhwe panguva yekubatanidza, iyo ine mwero mukuru wekuchengetedza njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Iyo Yentical Combustion Properties yeNhon yakacheneswa neV-0 Giredhi reUl-94, Loi Kukosha Kwakakura kupfuura 24%. Naizvozvo, iyo Murazvo mutsva wekudzoreredza Tekinoroji yeNylon yave iri nyaya inopisa iyo yakamutsa kushushikana kwakawanda kwemasayendisiti mazhinji pasi rese.
Fig.1
Nhamba yeruzivo: Ubian Stock Official Webhusaiti
Mumakore achangopfuura, nekudzivirirwa kwepasirese, izwi risiri regirini uye nezwi reCarbon Hallogenation zvakanyanya uye rakanyanya kudzivirirwa, Green Condivation Dziviriro Rwakarumbidzwa Rwakarumbidzwa uye Rinozivikanwa nemunhu wese. Green Commental Dziviriro Firamu Rinodzoreredza nemurazvo wakadzoreredza zvakadzama zvakanaka, kusiri kweutsi, kwetupenzi uye topotera Mufananidzo 2 inhamba yechiSchematic yePolymer Brustion Process.
Fig. 2 Schematic Diagram yePolymer Brustion Process
Fig. 3 PolyPetrochemical Halogen-Yemahara Murimi Retarant pa66, PA6 Connection, Fasteners
Fig. 4 murazvo unodzoreredza nylon kune Sanyang Electric mota
Ⅰ.Mhando dzemurazvo dzinodzokorora
Murazvo unodzoreredza zvinopindirwa zvinodzorerwa zvinodzokorora zvinodzora zvinodzivirirwa zvekushambadzira zvechiitiko zvekushambadzira uye inhibit kumusoro kwekuparadzira murazvo wemurazvo wemoto.
Kusvikira kumamiriro aripo emusika muChina, zvigadzirwa zvemurazvo wekudzoreredza zvinopindirwa zvinokonzeresa zviripo zvinokonzeresa musika misika Kunyangwe iyo tekinoroji yemurazvo wakawedzerwa purlarant polymer zvinhu zviri nyore zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzechinyakare, zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemurazvo wetsika maitiro ekugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, nhamba yemhando mitsva yemirazvo inodzokorora yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa ndeye yakawanda.
Nekudaro, zviri nyore kukonzeresa kana kukanganisa maitiro epanyama uye ekugadzirisa uye maitiro ezvinyorwa zvakaringana zvekuparadzira zvidimbu zvekuparadzira.
Hunhu hwenhandare yerima riripo ndedzekuti dzinogona kukurumidza kuwana tembiricha yakaderera, inogara yakakura uye yakanaka yakagadzikana uye murazvo unodzora maitiro epamusoro-polymer. Zvakare, huwandu hwezvekutakura zvinhu zvekushanda zvakaderera, uye mhedzisiro yeiyo maitiro emukati mesermer musanganiswa wezvekunyora zvekare, asi maitiro ekugadzira anonyanya kuoma uye asiri nyore kushanda.
Sekureva kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zviri mumurazvo wepamoyo Zvinoenderana neyakagadziriswa uye mwero wekuti chinhu chacho chadzikiswa kune inoshanda organic zvinhu, chinhu chakawanda chinogona kukamurwa mu general organic murazvo uye akajairwa inorganic murazvo unodzora.
Fig.5
Mufananidzo Tsime: Official Webhusaiti weMambo
Mumakore maviri apfuura, kutsvaga kwakachengeteka uye kunoshanda, kusatetepa, kusvibiswa kwehuremu hwekudzora uye kupfupika kwemamiriro ekunze
Ⅱ.Kunyorera kwemurazvo unodzoreredza muPolyamide
1.Inorganic murazvo unodzoreredza
Inorganic murazvo unodzoreredza zvinonyanya kureva seyakawirwa neyakajairika uye nharaunda dziviriro dzakawandisa dzekuwedzera, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvichave zvakawandisa. Parizvino, MG (OH) 2, Al (AL (OL (OH (OH (OH (OH (OH
Kutora MG (oh) 2 semuenzaniso chaiwo, ine mabasa ekuwedzera, murazvo kudzoreredza uye kuputa fourned. Iyo huru yemuviri uye murazvo unodzoreredza oxidation reaction masisitmy exids yemitambo yeanosimbirira
Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwedziya hwakadzika hwemvura hwakaburitswa mushure mekupindirana kwemvura, uye inhibit kuora kwechiitiko uye nekuwedzera kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa mukukanganisa kwakanyanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakakwirira-tembiricha yekunongedza organic simbi yekubhadharwa ne oxidy zvakare yekuchinja kwemapurazi munguva uye inoburitsa yakasimba oxygen kupererwa uye kuyambuka mune yakakwira tembiricha polymer.
Pamhepo yeiyi yakakwira tembiricha yekudziya inogona kukurumidza kuumba iyo yefirimu yekushisa yekupisa uye nekutsvaira kwekushambadzira kwemurazvo uye nekupedzisira kuita basa rekuchengetedza, murazvo unodzora uye adiabatic.
Fig.6 Inorganic murazvo unodzoreredza
Iyo Mhando yemamiriro ekunze yeNorganic Plame inowedzerwa kuPolymer zvinhu hazvina kunyorwa kuenderera mberi kwakagadziridzwa uye nekushandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvinobudirira.
Mhando dzakajairika dzezvikamu zvakati wandei inormac Jin xuefen et al. Akakurudzira kuti zvigadzirwa zviviri zvakadai seanylon uye nylon 66 yakawedzerwa ne hypophosphate kuti uwedzere murazvo unodzora. Chidzidzo chacho chakatarisana nezvikamu zvitatu zvezvikamu zveFerric oxide (fe2o3) uye nhevedzano yezvinhu zvakaringana zvinopesvedzera iyo murazvo unodzora uye mishonga yekudzora mamiriro emurazvo uye mhedzisiro yavo.
Kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweCone Colorimeter data, kuongorora kwePyrolysis uremu hwekuremerwa kweTo2O3 Iyo inoshanda uye isingagumi yekuvharira yeiyo yakasimba carbonized layer inobvisa kukurumidza kwesimba
Fig.7 Nylon Flame Retardant
Chiverengero Tsime: Yepamutemo webhusaiti yeYinyuan Zvitsva
NaExolit Op 1312 ML murazvo Retardant GrPA66 (Glass Fiber Grakutri Yakakwirira kupfuura neBPS uye RP murazvo unodzoreredza. Kuenzaniswa neBPS uye RP murazvo unodzoreredza Grpa66, sekureva kwakazara kwekugadzirisa, murazvo unodzoreredza, kuputa, murazvo unodzoreredza grpa66 neExolit op 1312 m1 ine zvakanaka zvakanakira.
Nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwechikamu cheHalogen-yemahara murazvo, murazvo unodzora simba reUl94 yezvinhu zvakasimbiswa Kana huwandu hwakawanda hwekuwedzera kweHalogen-Free Plame
Revhitiko et al. Basa rakaratidzirwa kuti red phosphorous uye akasiyana emamwe murazvo unodzora zvinowedzera muNylon 6 ana mushe kusimudzira murazvo uye murazvo unodzora zvivakwa.
Lvchicksv akawedzera matatu zvikamu zve red phosphorous uye 1 chikamu cheMG (oh) 2 uye imwe murazvo unodzora zvinopindwa mu nylon, zvichiteerana. Zvizere zvemukati zvezvikamu zviviri zvakasarudzika zve20% ~ 50% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvesimbi. Zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinyorwa zvakazara zvehunyanzvi zvekugadzirwa uye kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvinogona kuve nani, uye izvo zvinodiwa zveCTIS yeChinese
2. Organic murazvo unodzoreredza
2.1 phospharous Flame Retardants
MuPhosphate ester Flame Flame Zvishandiso, zvinokonzerwa nekugadzira zvinhu zvine halogen-free phosphathe Ester zvinhu zvinoenderana nekuti ichave iri yega kana iine hushoma hweInorganic compounds.
Fig.8 phospharous Flame Retardants
Chiverengero: Tianyi Chemical Webhusaiti
Non-halogen phosphathe zvigadzirwa zveEster hazvifanirwe kunge iine huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zveHologen
Traphensel Polyphosphate, isotrizole toluene sulfonate phosphatephate, trallyl phosphato uye imwe isiri-halogen-mhando polyphapi thafutivei Nekudaro, nekuti ivo vane zvikamu zvakawanda, Hologen-Mahara-yemahara Polyphathe zvigadzirwa zvine hurema hwakawanda, zvakakwirira zvekushongedza, kupisa kwakaderera uye kushoma kwekushisa uye kushoma kwekuita uye kushoma kwemanyorerwo. Naizvozvo, kugadzirwa kwaro kwakakura uye kushandiswa mune isiri-halogenated polymer phosphathe zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa zvakaoma.
Triaisepropyl Phosphate, iyo yaigadzirwa zvinobudirira neakakura swiss federal Iyo yekugadzirira uye yekugadzira maitiro eTriepropropylbenene phosphate iri nyore, mashandisirwo akafara mu organic polymer, inormanic polymer, yakasikwa polymer uye mamwe minda yezvigadzirwa zvekunyora.
Yang minfen et al. yakaratidza kuti yekupedzisira oksigine jekiseni ine iyo index yakawedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo chiyero chemurazvo. Kana huwandu hwekuwedzera kweBIS (2-carboxyethyl) monohexamethylamine phonzate yaive 6% (chidimbu cheLoi), kukosha kweLoi kunogona kusvika 27.8% UL-94 Level. Miedzo yakaratidza kuti apo iyo yekuwedzera yeBIS (2-Carboxythyl) Monoxamethlamine yakakwira kupfuura 2%)
Wang zhangyu et al. Zvekuwedzera kune iyo 66 polmerization yeNylon Monomer uye inogona kutanga yakanganisa kana kuongorora iyo yakawedzera melamine polyphatephate monomer (mPP) yePolymerization. Mhedzisiro yeyedzo yese yakaratidza kuti kana huwandu hwakazara hweMPP mumhando yakasvika 25% (SEVELDE REMPLIDER SIMBA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA
Phosphorus Type Returd Retarland vane zvakaringana zvakanaka zvezvinhu zvisina chepfu, zvakanyanyisa kusvibiswa kwesimbi Polymer murazvo, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinova nhungamiro itsva yekutsvaga kwevanhu.
2.2 nitrogen mhando murazvo unodzoreredza
Parizvino, nitrogen murazvo unodzoreredza anogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya uye kushandiswa kune mainjiniya ekushandisa muChina. Pakati pemhando huru dzemhando dzeNitrogen Flame Retardants, Melamine resins uye yavo inoenderana mafambiro ndiwo makuru. Chimwe chehunhu hwavo hwunoshamisa ndechekuti murazvo wazvo wekudzokorora, kuora uye kusakwana kugona kuenderana nekukwira kwakakwirira, zvikukuvadza zvachose, zvisiri zvepfu uye zvakachipa.
Fig.9
Nhamba yeruzivo: koon murazvo unodzoreredza zvigadzirwa zvepamutemo webhusaiti
Iyo huru oxidation mechanism yeNitrogen-Type Litrame inosanganisira maviri egasi ekushambadzira kweiyo masheti ekudziya ane masaini ekupisa ane notrogen maatomu akadai seyakagadzirwa notrogen kusvinura uku uchinyudza kupisa kuti utonhore pasi. Nitrozwisisa murazvo unodzoreredza rudzi rutsva rwemurazvo werima retardal neyakaderera utsi, hushamwari hushoma uye hwakanyanya kugadzikana.
Marudzi makuru eNitrogen Flame retardants areazine cyclowone cycloundone, Melelamine Decivatives, etc. Gijsma et al. Zvakare akadzidzawo kuti MCA yakawedzerwa kuPolyamide ine chiitiko chakakosha pakuita kwe polyamide. Mushumo wekutsvagira wakaratidza kuti: Kuwedzera kweMCCon hakugone kugadzirisa dambudziko remoto,
Wang qi et al. Wedzera mhando nyowani yekupararira kwepamusoro MCA Polymer (FS-MCA) Tekinoroji yePlame yePoly FS-MCA, Yunifomu, Yemvura, Yakatemwa Kubudirira kwakanyanya uye yunifomu yakanaka yekupararira kwemurazvo muPolymer pa66 Resin inogona kuwanikwa, iyo michina yekudzokorora
Dianluo akabudirira kugadzirwa yakagadziridzwa
Fig.10 Mca Flame-Redardant Nylon MasterBatch
Chiverengero: Polypetrochemical
Kuenzaniswa neChichinyakare MCA, Modified MCA ine yakakosha nzvimbo dzepasi uye iri nyore kuyerera uye kuparadzira muP66 Resin. Iyo yakagadziridzwa MCA FLAME ROPRARDANT yakawedzerwa muP66 Matrix ine yakakwira fluidity, zvirinani murazvo ruregerero uye wakavandudza michina. Naizvozvo, iyo yakavandudzwa mca inogona kukurira zvakashata zvechinyakare mca. Inopa tekinoroji inovimbisa, nekushandisa iyi yakagadziridzwa MCA inogona kuve yakagadzirirwa kuita kwakanakisa kuita kwemurazvo wekudzoreredza kuderedzwa pa66.
2.3 phosphorous-nitrogen kuwedzera murazvo unodzoreredza
Iyo nheyo yemurazvo wekupfekedza inonyatsotaura nezvekushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi zvitatu zvakasiyana uye zvemakemikari zvinokonzeresa zvinhu zvinokwana kuita Izvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinopedzwawo neCarbon Source, acid sosi uye mhepo sosi.
Fig.11 Exprenive murazvo unodzoreredza
Nhamba yeruzivo: Hongtaiji Official Webhusaiti
Carbon zvinyorwa, sezita rinoreva, kupisa kazhinji kabhoni zvirimo mune iyo manyorerwo emanyoreri. Carbon-ine zvinhu zvinowanzova zvezvinhu zvinopisa zvinhu. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemakemikari zvivakwa zve kabhoni pachayo, mushure mekushora muCarmatures gasi Concus, iyo inofamba-famba sekariniki yekudzvanywa kweganda rekutenderera mushure mekusangana kweiyo okisijeni muCongency uye mamwe maitiro.
Sezvo zita rinoratidza, acid sosi rinoreva zvakawanda zvezvakawanda zvezuva nezuva polyphatephate. Vamwe vakakwira-tembiricha gasi retarnants vane polyphosphate compounds vanogona kuzadza zvinhu zvekutenderera
Sezita rinoreva kuti, sosi yemhepo inoreva mapoka egasi yaive nemapepa emasiripi akasungirirwa pamhepo, kuti aenderere mberi nekudzvanywa kwemvura.
Zhang xujie et al. Yakagadziridzwa rudzi rwekudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvakasvibirira phosphorus uye nitrogen Series Flame Dailyment Iyo yekushambadzira tembiricha yemanomwe yekudzora manyanying nylon zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa neyekugadzirira inogona kusvika iyo yeEU UL94V-0 Level Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuvapo kwehuwandu hukuru hwehunhu hwekunyepedzera mune izvi zvinoputika zvinodzoreredzwa zvakarongeka, zvinokonzeresa kuputika kwemvura yeNylon zvigadzirwa nekuda kwechikonzero chakakosha chehuwandu hwe benzenye the they Naizvozvo, pachine matambudziko mazhinji mukugadzirwa kwemaitiro emurazvo wekudzoreredza kwe nitrogen uye phosphorous makomputa munyika yedu, izvo zvinoda kuwedzeredzwa.
Yekutanga yekudziya uye yekushambadzira yekuita tembiricha tembiricha ye phosphorus - nitrogen yekuwedzera murazvo unodzoreredza kazhinji kazhinji inenge 200 ℃. Kurasikirwa kwehuremu kwasvika 5% paanenge 240 ℃, uye chiyero chevhu chePyrolyis Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira ndeyekuti kana tembiriti yekudziya yaive anenge mazana matanhatu ℃, kuora kwemahombekombe emurazvo wekudzokorora kunogona kupedzwa panguva imwe chete, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwekudzokorora hunogona kusvika pamakumi matatu neshanu muzana.
Li xia et al. yekutanga yakanyorwa uye yakayera maviri carboxyl mapoka mune chimiro che nitrogen-phosphorus mhando murazvo unodzoreredza. Pashure pokunge vanhu vaishandisa, zvaizotora nguva yekufamba nemurazvo uye kuora murazvo unodzora munyu, uye pakupedzisira zvakarongedza nylon 66 murazvo unodzoreredzwa.
Muedzo wekuedza wakaratidzawo kuti LOI Yayo Li yaive inopfuura 27.14%, uye mhedzisiro yemiedzo yakawanikwa neyekudzika bundu test yaive UL94V-0. Uye muzvematongerwo enyika vanoona zvakare vanozoona pamusoro pezvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma vakaumbwa nehuremu hwekupfava uye yunifomu yakajeka ye carbonized layer, kugadzirisa maitiro ekurwidzira ekudonha kwekudonha phenomenon. Iyo kabhoni dura yakaumbwa ne phosphorus - nitrogen yekuwedzera murazvo unodzoreredzwa inoratidzwa mumufananidzo pazasi.
Ⅲ.Mhedziso uye tarisiro
Kuonekwa kweiyo Hologen-Yemahara Murazvo-Firregent Polyamide Zvigadzirwa muChinyorwa Chekusavimbika Chishandiso hachizorere chero zvinhu zvinogadzira maitiro anokuvadza kumutengo wemunhu uye nharaunda zvakare. Iyo nhevedzano yeHalogen-Yemahara Plame Returday Zvigadzirwa zvePolyamide zvishoma nezvishoma zvinova chigadzirwa chakakurumbira pamusika. Halogen-Yemahara Flame RETRARDS RED PHOSPHORORUS uye Cyanuric Acid itsviri miviri marudzi ezvigadzirwa zvePolyamide nezvigadzirwa zvakanaka uye zvishandiso zvemusika.
Fig.13 murazvo-kudzoreredza Polyamide zvinyorwa
Chiverengero: Defu Purastic Net
Phosphorus tsvuku ine mishonga yakakwira uye yekuita mishonga yekudzora, saka inokanganiswa nezvematongerwo enyika yechigadzirwa
Fig.14
Imwezve itsva halogen-yemahara murazvo inodzoreredzwa inonyanya kushandiswa muPolyamide ndeye melamine urate. Izvo Zvikuru Zvinoshanda Zvisikwa zvinogona kuve melelamine munyu unobva uye phosphate frivatives. Kunyangwe ivo vane hutano hwakanaka hwakadzoreredza zvivakwa, ivo vane murombo wekudzivirira. Nekuda kwe oxid yayo nyore uye kunyorova kwekunyorova, kuita kwemagetsi corrosion kwezvigadzirwa izvi zvakaringana pasi pechiitiko chekushisa kwakanyanya uye zvakanyorovesa kwenguva yakareba.
Fig.15 Melamine Cyanuric Acid
Nhamba yeruzivo: Xiucheng chemakemikari yepamutemo webhusaiti
Kunyangwe mamwe akati wandei halogen-emahara Inorganic murazvo unodzoreredza mune ino mapepa, zvakadai, zvakashata zvinosungirwa neyekuchinjika, huwandu hwekuwedzera, hukuru hwekuwedzera uye huwandu hwekuwedzera. Naizvozvo, murazvo unodzorera mari yeimwe inorganic kana organic murazvo unodzokorora zvinowedzera zvinowanzoitika kazhinji hazvisi zvakanaka.
Naizvozvo, nyanzvi zhinji dzinowanzo kushandisa nzira yekusanganiswa ye2 kana kunyange kupfuura maviri marudzi emurazvo kuti ubate midziyo inoshamisa, uye kuti uwane giredhi repamusoro remurazvo wakatemerwa. Parizvino, kunyatsoita kwe nitrogen-phosphorus yakamanikidza murazvo unodzoreredza, musika wekugadzira reserve zvakakura, uye chigadzirwa chakasvibirira uye kusvibiswa-kusvibiswa.
Naizvozvo, nitrogen uye phosphorus murazvo unodzokorora zvakare chimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha mune ramangwana rekuvandudza mirayiridzo mumunda wekudzosera mari yePolymer zvinhu muChina. Parizvino, huwandu hukuru hwemurazvo mutsva wakabuda mumusika mumusika.
Isu tinopa marudzi ese eHalogen-emahara, phospharous uye bromine murazvo anodzokorora, izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevatengi muEurope neUnited States.
Mibvunzo inogamuchirwa chero nguva:yihoo@yihoopolymer.com
Kutumira nguva: Kukadzi-27-2023